Study on the Flotation Beneficiation of Baganuur Lignite
Keywords:
lignites, flotation, collector, clean coal, tailingsAbstract
Baganuur lignite has high ash and moisture contents, making long-distance transportation uneconomical and limiting its export potential. Therefore, beneficiation is required to improve its quality and utilization value. Research on lignite beneficiation in Mongolia remains relatively limited. Furthermore, lignite is generally considered difficult to upgrade by flotation because of its high oxygen-containing functional groups and inherently hydrophilic surface. Therefore, this study investigated the mineralogical characteristics, mineral distribution, and flotation beneficiation of Baganuur lignite.
The results showed that clay minerals and pyrite were finely and uniformly disseminated throughout the coal matrix. Among the flotation tests, the best result was obtained using Collector 1100, producing a clean coal with a yield of 12.81% and an ash content of 11.93%. However, the overall flotation performance remained relatively poor because fine mineral particles coated the coal surface, gangue minerals were readily entrained into the concentrate, and coarse coal particles were difficult to float. Following a pre-desliming treatment, the flotation performance was significantly improved, producing a clean coal with a yield of 39.52% and an ash content of 12.62%.
The study demonstrated that Baganuur lignite possesses an inherently hydrophilic surface and poor floatability. In addition, the organic matter and inorganic minerals are finely and uniformly distributed, making their separation particularly challenging. The results further indicate that the flotation performance of lignite is strongly influenced by particle size distribution, surface hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, particle–bubble and particle–particle interactions, as well as the electrokinetic properties of the coal surface. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for understanding the flotation behavior of low-rank coals and for developing more effective beneficiation strategies for Baganuur lignite.
Багануурын ордын хүрэн нүүрсний флотацын судалгаа
Хураангуй. Багануурын хүрэн нүүрс нь үнслэг өндөртэй, чийг ихтэй тул хол газар тээвэрлэхэд ашиггүй, экспортлох боломж хомс учир баяжуулан чанарыг сайжруулах шаардлагатай. Манай орны хэмжээнд хүрэн нүүрсний баяжуулалтын судалгаа харьцангуй бага хийгдсэн, нөгөө талаас хүрэн нүүрс нь их хэмжээний хүчилтөрөгч агуулдаг тул баяжуулахад амаргүйд тооцоогддог. Иймээс энэхүү судалгаагаар Багануурын хүрэн нүүрсний эрдсийн найрлага, тархалтын онцлог болон баяжуулалтын судалгаа хийлээ. Багануурын нүүрсэнд шаварлаг эрдэс болон пирит нарийн ширхэгтэйгээр жигд тархсан бөгөөд цуглуулагч 1100-г ашиглан флотацаар баяжуулахад 12.81%-ийн гарцтай, 11.93%-ийн үнстэй баяжмал гарсан нь хамгийн сайн үр дүн байв. Туршилтын явцад эрдсийн ширхгүүд нүүрсний гадаргууг бүрхэх, баяжмалтай хамт хөвөх, мөн том ширхэгтэй нүүрсийг хөвүүлэхэд хүндрэлтэй байсан зэргээс флотацын үр ашиг харьцангуй сул байлаа. Харин шламгүйжүүлснээр 39.52%-ийн гарцтай, 12.62%-ийн үнстэй баяжмал гарган авлаа. Судалгаанаас харахад хүрэн нүүрс нь гидрофил шинж чанартай, хөвөх чадвар муу бөгөөд органик ба органик бус эрдсүүдийн хэмжээ маш нарийн, жигд тархалттай тул тэдгээрийг салгах нь хүндрэлтэй байв. Хүрэн нүүрсний флотац нь нүүрсний ширхэглэлийн хэмжээ, гадаргуугийн гидрофоб ба гидрофил шинж, гадаргуу хоорондын харилцан үйлчлэл болон гадаргуугийн цахилгаан шинж чанараас ихээхэн хамааралтай болохыг уг судалгаа харууллаа.
Түлхүүр үг: хүрэн нүүрс, флотац, цуглуулагч, баяжмал, хаягдал
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