Legal standards and requirements of marital agreements: Comparative analysis of selected foreign jurisdictions
Keywords:
Prenuptial Agreement, Marital Agreement, Family law, Comparative Law, Property Relations, Contractual Freedom, Validity Requirements, Matrimonial Property Regime, Judicial Practice, MongoliaAbstract
This article examines the legal nature of prenuptial and marital agreements, the essential legal requirements imposed on such agreements, and selected foreign legal experiences in comparative perspective. The study analyzes the current legal framework of Mongolia concerning marital agreements and compares it with the legal regulations and judicial practices of Germany, the United States, Japan, and France. Particular attention is given to the validity requirements of marital agreements, including voluntary consent, legal capacity, fairness, disclosure obligations, notarization, and the protection of third-party interests. The research demonstrates that developed legal systems generally recognize contractual freedom in marital relations while simultaneously imposing limitations to protect public policy, children's rights, and economically vulnerable spouses. Comparative analysis reveals that transparency of financial information, procedural fairness, and judicial review mechanisms are central elements in determining the enforceability of marital agreements.
The article further identifies several practical and doctrinal challenges within the Mongolian legal system, including limited public awareness, inconsistent judicial practice, insufficient regulation concerning third-party rights, and the lack of standardized contractual models. Based on comparative legal analysis, the study proposes recommendations aimed at improving Mongolia's legal framework governing marital agreements and strengthening preventive legal mechanisms in family law disputes.
Гэрлэлтийн гэрээнд тавигдах шалгуур, шаардлага ба гадаадын зарим улсын туршлага
Хураангуй: Энэхүү өгүүлэлд гэрлэлтийн гэрээний эрх зүйн үндсэн агуулга, түүнд тавигдах нийтлэг шалгуур шаардлага болон Монгол Улсын гэр бүлийн эрх зүйн зохицуулалттай ХБНГУ, АНУ, Япон, Франц зэрэг улсын гэрлэлтийн гэрээний эрх зүйн туршлагыг харьцуулан шинжилж, гэрлэлтийн гэрээний хүчин төгөлдөр байдал, гэрээний чөлөөт байдал ба шударга байдлын шалгуур, гуравдагч этгээдийн эрх ашгийг хамгаалах эрх зүйн зохицуулалтыг голчлон авч үзсэн болно. Судалгааны үр дүнд Монгол Улсад энэхүү институтийг боловсронгуй болгоход чиглэсэн шаардлагатай эрх зүйн орчныг сайжруулах санал дэвшүүлэв.
Түлхүүр үг: гэрлэлтийн гэрээ, гэр бүлийн эрх зүй, хөрөнгийн харилцаа
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