Affect Metaphor and Female Image Construction in Injinash’s One-Story Building: An Appraisal Theory Perspective
Keywords:
Affect metaphor, Appraisal Theory, Evaluative language, Female image construction, One-Story BuildingAbstract
This study investigates the linguistic mechanisms through which affect metaphors contribute to female image construction in Injinash's nineteenth-century Mongolian novel One-Story Building (Yi Ceng Lou). Drawing upon Martin and White's Appraisal Theory framework with particular attention to the Attitude subsystem, this research analyzes a corpus of approximately 18,000 characters extracted from chapters focusing on female psychological portrayal. The analysis identifies 87 instances of affect metaphors, revealing a distinctive typological profile characterized by physiological metaphors (39.1%), natural imagery (31.0%), everyday object metaphors (21.8%), and literary allusions (8.0%). A notable finding concerns the systematic conversion of mental processes to material processes, functioning as a form of grammatical metaphor that externalizes internal emotional states. The study demonstrates that 89.7% of evaluative meanings are realized through invoked rather than inscribed attitude, with negative Affect (particularly Unhappiness at 46.0% and Insecurity at 31.0%) predominating. Furthermore, the analysis reveals character-differentiated deployment patterns: the protagonist receives a broader metaphor range with progressive accumulation strategies suggesting emotional complexity, while secondary characters are associated with more restricted metaphor types. These findings contribute to understanding how evaluative language resources operate in classical Mongolian literature and offer insights into the novel's sophisticated techniques for psychological characterization. The integration of Appraisal Theory with Conceptual Metaphor Theory and transitivity analysis provides a methodological framework applicable to cross-cultural literary studies.
Инжинашийн “Нэг давхар байшин” зохиол дахь сэтгэл хөдлөл илэрхийлсэн метафор ба эмэгтэй дүрийн дүрслэл: Үнэлгээний онолын хандлага
Хураангуй. Энэхүү судалгаа нь XIX зууны Монголын зохиолч Инжиннашийн Нэг давхар байшин (Yi Ceng Lou) романд эмэгтэй дүрийг бүтээхэд сэтгэл хөдлөлийн метафоруудыг хэрхэн ашиглаж буй хэлзүйн механизмыг шинжиллээ. Уг судалгаа нь Үнэлгээний онол (Appraisal Theory) суурь онолоо болгож, мөн Хандлага (Attitude)-ын дэд тогтолцоонд тулгуурлан эмэгтэй дүрийн сэтгэлзүйн дүрслэлд хамаарах ойролцоогоор 18,000 тэмдэгт бүхий корпус дээр дүн шинжилгээ хийсэн болно. Судалгааны үр дүнд нийт 87 сэтгэл хөдлөлийн метафор илрүүлж, дараах типологийн онцлогийг тодорхойлон гаргалаа: физиологийн метафор (39.1%), байгалийн дүрслэлд суурилсан метафор (31.0%), ахуйн хэрэглээний объектын метафор (21.8%), уран зохиолын ишлэлд тулгуурласан метафор (8.0%). Онцлох үр дүнг тайлбарлавал, сэтгэцийн үйл явцыг материаллаг үйл явц болгон хувиргах системчилсэн хандлагыг түлхүү ашигласан бөгөөд энэ нь дотоод сэтгэл хөдлөлийг гадааджуулах хэл зүйн метафор (grammatical metaphor)-оор илэрсэн байна. Судалгааны үр дүнгээс харахад үнэлгээний утгын 89.7% нь ил (inscribed) бус, харин далд (invoked) хэлбэрээр илэрч байгаа нь тогтоогдсон бөгөөд сөрөг сэтгэл хөдлөлийн үнэлгээ давамгайлж байна. Тодруулбал, гуниг (Unhappiness) 46.0%, түгшүүр ба итгэлгүй байдал (Insecurity) 31.0%-ийг тус тус эзэлж байна. Мөн шинжилгээ нь дүрүүдийн ялгаралд суурилсан хэрэглээний хэв шинжийг илрүүлсэн. Гол дүрийн хувьд илүү өргөн хүрээний метафор ашиглагдаж, сэтгэл хөдлөлийн олон давхаргат, динамик шинжийг илтгэх өрнөл явцад суурилсан (progressive accumulation) стратеги ажиглагдсан бол туслах дүрүүдийн хувьд метафорын төрөл, хэрэглээ харьцангуй хязгаарлагдмал байгаагаараа онцлог байна. Эдгээр үр дүн нь Монголын сонгодог уран зохиолд үнэлгээ илэрхийлэх хэлзүйн нөөц хэрхэн хэрэгждэгийг тайлбарлахын зэрэгцээ дүрийн сэтгэлзүйн дүрслэлийг бүтээх уран сайхны нарийвчилсан арга барилыг тодруулж байна. Үзэл баримтлалын метафорын онол болон Үйлийн шилжилтийн задлан шинжилгээг – Үнэлгээний онолтой уялдуулсан энэхүү арга зүй нь соёл хоорондын уран зохиол судлалын судалгаанд хэрэглэх боломжтой цогц аналитик хүрээг санал болгож байна.
Түлхүүр үгс: Сэтгэл хөдлөл илэрхийлсэн метафор, Үнэлгээний онол, Үнэлгээний хэл, Эмэгтэй дүрийн бүтээл, ‘Нэг давхар байшин’
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