Species richness and diversity of grassland plant communities and effects of nitrogen addition on some plant species
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5564/mjb.v5i31.3267Keywords:
meadow steppe, dry steppe, desert steppe, nitrogen, species richness, species diversityAbstract
From 2009-2022, we have in the vegetation communities of the long-term vegetation monitoring of the plant ecology and plant economy laboratory of the Institute of Botany in 3 settlements of the meadow steppe in the area of Mungunmorit sum of Tuv province, the dry steppe in the area of Tumentsogt sum of Sukhbaatar province, and the desert steppe plant community in the area of Dalanjargalan sum of Dornogovi province. A total of 108 plots of 1m2 were tested in three versions. In doing so, it was calculated to increase nitrogen in two different amounts: 28.57 g (N1) and 57.14 g (N2). The plots were fertilized with ammonium nitrate twice a year, during the first period of plant growth in May and during the peak period in July, to increase the richness and diversity of community species compared to the non-fertilized (N0) field. As a result of the research, in 2022, the species richness of the sedge field community in the N2 scenario with nitrogen supplementation was 1.2 times lower than the control N0 field (N0-S=75, N2-S=60), and the species diversity was 1.14 times (N0- H’=3.15, N2-H’=3.61) larger. In the dry steppe community, species richness is 1.1 times lower (N0-S=41, N2-S=37) and species diversity is 1.04 times lower (N0- H’=3.29, N2-H’=3.16) than the control N0 site. The species richness in the N1 scenario is 1.28 times lower (N0-S=9, N1-S=7) than in the N0 site of the barren steppe community, while the species richness is 1.2 times higher in the N2 scenario, and the species diversity is 1.2 times higher in the nitrogen N2 scenario (N0-H’= 1.86, N2- H’=2.2) increased respectively. 6 species of meadow steppe (Astragalus adsurgens, Carex pediformis, Chrysanthemum zawadskii, Cymbaria dahurica, Leuzea uniflora, Potentilla leucophylla), 3 species of dry steppe (Galium verum, Bassia prostrata, Potentilla strigosa), 2 species of desert steppe (Allium ramossum, Convolvulus ammanii) The addition of nitrogen had a statistically significant effect on the plant cover. In our study, the N2 scenario had a greater effect on the canopy of the above plants.
Хээрийн ургамал бүлгэмдлүүдийн зүйлийн баялаг, олон янз байдал ба зарим зүйлийн ургамалд азотын нэмэгдлийн үзүүлэх нөлөө
Хураангуй. Бид 2009-2022 онд тус хүрээлэнгийн Ургамалжлын экологи, ургамлын эдийн засгийн лабораторийн ургамалжлын урт хугацааны мониторингийн 3 суурингийн Төв аймгийн Мөнгөнморьт сумын нутаг дахь нугажуу хээр, Сүхбаатар аймгийн Түмэнцогт сумын нутаг дахь хуурай хээр болон Дорноговь аймгийн Даланжаргалан сумын нутаг дахь цөлөрхөг хээрийн ургамал бүлгэмдлүүдэд 1*1м2 хэмжээтэй нийт 108 талбайд 3 хувилбараар туршилт судалгааг явуулав. Ингэхдээ азотыг 28.57 г (N1) ба 57.14 г (N2) гэсэн 2 өөр хэмжээтэй нэмэгдүүлэхээр тооцож ургамал ургалтын эхний үе буюу 5-р сард, оргил үе буюу 7-р сард жилдээ 2 удаа аммоны нитратаар бордож, бүлгэмдлийн зүйлийн баялаг ба олон янз байдалд хэрхэн нөлөөлж байгааг бордоогүй (N0) талбайтай харьцуулан судлав. Судалгааны үр дүнд 2022 онд нугажуу хээрийн бүлгэмдлийн зүйлийн баялаг азотын нэмэгдэлтэй N2 хувилбарт хяналтын N0 талбайгаас 1.2 дахин бага (N0-S=75, N2-S=60), зүйлийн олон янз байдал нь 1.14 дахин (N0- H’=3.15, N2- H’=3.61) их байна. Хуурай хээрийн бүлгэмдэлд хяналтын N0 талбайгаас N2 хувилбарт зүйлийн баялаг 1.1 дахин бага (N0-S=41, N2-S=37), зүйлийн олон янз байдал нь 1.04 дахин (N0- H’=3.29, N2- H’=3.16) буурч байна. Цөлөрхөг хээрийн бүлгэмдлийн N0 талбайгаас N1 хувилбарт зүйлийн баялаг 1.28 дахин бага (N0-S=9, N1-S=7), харин N2 хувилбарт зүйлийн баялаг 1.2 дахин их, зүйлийн олон янз байдал азотын N2 хувилбарт 1.2 дахин (N0-H’=1.86, N2-H’=2.2) тус тус нэмэгдсэн байна. Нугажуу хээрийн 6 зүйл (Astragalus adsurgens, Carex pediformis, Chrysanthemum zawadskii, Cymbaria dahurica, Leuzea uniflora, Potentilla leucophylla), хуурай хээрийн 3 зүйл (Galium verum, Bassia prostrata, Potentilla strigosa), цөлөрхөг хээрийн 2 зүйл (Allium ramossum, Convolvulus ammanii)-ийн ургамлын тусгагийн бүрхцэд азотын нэмэгдэл статистикийн хувьд нөлөө үзүүлсэн. Бидний судалгаанд дээрх ургамлуудын тусгагийн бүрхцэд N2 хувилбар илүү нөлөө үзүүлж байв.
Түлхүүр үгс: нугажуу хээр, хуурай хээр, цөлөрхөг хээр, азот, зүйлийн баялаг, олон янз байдал
30
References
Avolio ML. Sally E.Koerner., Kimberly J.La Pierre., Kevin R.Wilcox., Gail WT. Wilson., Melinda D.Smith., Scott L.Collins. 2014. Changes in plant community composition, not diversity, during a decade of nitrogen and phosphorus additions drive above-ground productivity in a tallgrass prairie. J. Ecol. 102, 1649–1660. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12312
Guo, N., M., Fang, Z. et al. Divergent responses of plant biomass and diversity to short-term nitrogen and phosphorus addition in three types of steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. Ecological Processes. 11, 32 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-022-00376-y
Christensen J.H., Hewitson B., Busuioc A., Chen A., Gao X., Held R., Jones R., Kolli R. K., Kwon W., and Laprise R. 2007. Regional climate projections. Climate Change, 2007. The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, University Press, Cambridge, Chapter 11:847
Cui X., Huang G., Chen W., and Morse A. 2009. Threatening of climate change on water resources and supply. Case study of North China. Desalination. 2009. 248:476-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.090
Dore M. H. I. 2005. Climate change and changes in global precipitation patterns: What do we know? Environment international 31:1167-1181.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2005.03.004
Galloway J. N. 1998. The global nitrogen cycle: changes and consequences. Environmental Pollution 102:15-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(98)80010-9
Hautier Y., Niklaus P.A., Hector A. 2009. Competition for light causes plant biodiversity loss after eutrophication. Science 324, 636–638. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1169640
Hooper D.U., Johnson L. 1999. Nitrogen limitation in dryland ecosystems: responses to geographical and temporal variation in precipitation. Biogeochemistry 46:247-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01007582
Loarie SR., PB Duffy., H Hamilton., GP Asner., CB Field., DD Ackerly. 2009. The velocity of climate change. Nature 462.-1052–1055. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08649
Mason N.W.H., Mouillot D, Lee W.G., Wilson J.B. 2005. Functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence: the primary components of functional diversity. OIKOS 111:112-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13886.x
Ning G., Mingyang X., Zhao F., Feng J., Xiaoyu H. 2022. Divergent responses of plant biomass and diversity to short-term nitrogen and phosphorus addition in three types of steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. Ecological Processes (2022) 11:32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-022-00376-y
Payne R.J., Dise N.B., Stevens C.J., Gowing D.J., Partners B. 2013. Impact of nitrogen deposition at the species level. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 984–987. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1214299109
Ren H., Xu Z., Huang J., Clark C., Chen S., Han X. 2011. Nitrogen and water addition reduce leaf longevity of steppe species. Annals of botany 107:145-155. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcq219
Verhoeven J.T.A., Koerselman W., Meuleman A.F.M. 1996. Nitrogen-or phosphorus-limited growth in herbaceous, wet vegetation: relations with atmospheric inputs and management regimes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 11:494-497. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(96)10055-0
Vitousek P.M., Howarth R.W. 1991. Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea: how can it occur? Biogeochemistry 13:87-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00002772
Xu Z.W., S.Q Wan., H.Y Ren., X.G Han., LiM-H., W.X Cheng., Y Jiang. 2012a. Effects of water and nitrogen addition on species turnover in temperate grasslands in northern China. PLoS One 7, e39762. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039762
Yongfei Bai., Jianguo Wu., Christopher M.Clark., Shahid Naeem., Qingmin Pan., Jianhui Huang., Lixia Zhang., Xingguo Han. 2010. Tradeoffs and thresholds in the effects of nitrogen addition on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: evidence from inner Mongolia Grasslands. Glob.Change Biol. 16, 358–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01950.x
Zelikova T.J., D.M Blumenthal., DG Williams., L Souza., D.R LeCain., J Morgan., E Pendall. 2014. Long-term exposure to elevated CO2 enhances plant community stability by suppressing dominant plant species in a mixed-grass prairie. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 111. -15456–15461 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414659111
Zhuwen Xu, Haiyan Ren, Jiangping Cai, Ruzhen Wang, Peng He, Mai-He Li, Bernard J. Lewis, Xingguo Han, Yong Jiang. 2015. Antithetical effects of nitrogen and water availability on community similarity of semiarid grasslands: evidence from a nine-year manipulation experiment, Plant Soil (2015) 397:357–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2634-y
Chinea E, Arevalo J. R. 2013., Effects of fertilization management on pasture productivity and nutrient composition. Grass and forage science (2013) 69: 415-424 https://doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12057
Jonnasson S. 1992. Plant responses to fertilization and species removal in tundra related to community stucture and clonality. -Oikos 63: 420-429 https://doi.org/10.2307/3544968
Түвшинтогтох И. 2014. Монгол орны хээрийн ургамалжил. УБ ”Бэмби-Сан” -611.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Altangerel Sukhbat, Indree Tuvshintogtokh, Tsogtsaikhan Tumenjargal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors grant the Mongolian Journal of Botany a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher.
Articles in the Mongolian Journal of Botany are Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License CC BY.
This license permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
