The Position of Auxiliary Words in the Manchu Language

Abstract

In the classification of words in any language, scholars typically rely on one of three primary criteria: semantic, morphological, or syntactic. Differences in the application of these criteria have led researchers to propose varying definitions of parts of speech, their internal classifications, and the status and position of auxiliary words. This article synthesizes the principal concepts and viewpoints advanced by Manchu linguists regarding function words. Some scholars (I.I. Zakharov, V.A. Avrorin) treat auxiliary words as a single overarching category with internally differentiated subclasses. Others (Möllendorff, E. Haenisch, B.K. Pashkov) list them separately, considering each as an independent part of speech. A number of researchers (H. Peeters, L.M. Gorelova) adopt a hybrid approach that combines these two perspectives. For instance, L.M. Gorelova classifies adverbs, interjections and onomatopoeic words, syntactic words, particles as distinct parts of speech, while including postpositions, conjunctions, and syntactic words of conjunctional type within the category of “Syntactic words” (2002: 126-380). A review of the aforementioned studies demonstrates that the category of function words has been variously defined to include adverbs, postpositions, conjunctions, particles, and interjections, with their grammatical properties and semantic features outlined in manner. All these studies help to establish the criteria for classifying auxiliary words in the Manchu language, to identify the characteristics of auxiliary words not only in Manchu but also in Mongolian languages, and to resolve many controversial issues in this area.

Манж хэлний үгсийн аймагт туслах үгийн эзлэх байр

Хураангуй: Энэхүү өгүүлэлд манж хэлний үгсийн аймгийн нэг чухал хэсэг болох туслах үгийн талаар авч үзлээ. Туслах үгсийг хэрхэн аймаглаж, ямар байдлаар тодорхойлж ирсэн талаар европын хэл шинжлэлчдийн дэвшүүлсэн гол гол ойлголт, санал дүгнэлтийг тоймлон өгүүлэв. Түүнчлэн туслах үгсийн бүрэлдэхүүн, тэдгээрийн утгын ангилал, онцлог шинжийг тодорхойллоо.

Түлхүүр үг: манж хэл, үгсийн аймаг, туслах үгийн аймаг, дагавар үг, дайвар үг, холбох үг, сул үг, аялга үг