OTU - Journal of Otgontenger
type: channel
description: published by Otgontenger University
publisher: Otgontenger University
language: en-US
publication name: OTU - Journal of Otgontenger
issn: 2415-749X
copyright: Copyright on any research article in the Journal of Otgontenger is retained by the author(s). The authors grant the Journal of Otgontenger license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Articles in the Journal of Otgontenger are Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License - CC BY NC. This license permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
items: A review of scholarly perspectives on emotional intelligence
items: Theory and methodology of online tourism products and services current status
items: The Relationship between Emotional Regulation Ability and Job Satisfaction among Kindergarten Teachers
items: A study on the impact of working capital policy on the financial performance of a company
items: Some issues of the legal regulation of agreements between mineral license holders and local administrative authorities
items: Definition of innovation activities of the organization, its quality and content
items: Results of the study examining the correlation between students’ empathy and stress
items: A study of the development of competency theory
items: Research to increase the utilization of human resources in a business organization
items: Exploring the Integration of SDG 4 “Quality Education” in English Language Teaching
items: An Empirical Study of Fintech User Behavior Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
items: Theoretical concept of real estate mortgage
items: An Analysis of the Training Activities of he Judicial Decision Enforcement Agency
items: Legal framework for citizen participation: regulation and reform

A review of scholarly perspectives on emotional intelligence
type: item
description: Emotional Intelligence is a person's ability to cognitively construe and regulate her or another's emotions. This term was coined by Salovey and Mayer (1990). EI constitutes an important factor in determining an individual's psychological well-being, academic success, job performance and leadership abilities. Further studies have indicated that emotional intelligence has a powerful and distinct effect in various aspects of life. Goleman (1995) showed that EI surpasses IQ in predicting personal and professional success. Cherniss (2010) reported that people with high EI are more productive and team friendly. Several models have been developed to measure EI. Bar-On (2006) developed a test for EQ-i and identified nine factors of EI. Mayer, Caruso, and Salovey (2016) developed the Ability Model that includes emotion perception, emotion understanding, and emotion regulation. A few studies have been conducted in Mongolia about the cultural and behavioral perspective of EI. For example, D. Enkhjargal (2018) examined the development of EI drawing on Mongolian traditional values and personality traits. B. Batsaikhan (2020) reported that the cultivation of EI in teaching and learning improves students' creativity and their communication and leadership skills. In the study conducted by researchers B. Enkhbayar and P. Tserendondov, emotional intelligence (EI) is examined as an independent psychological construct, interpreted from multiple perspectives such as a component of intelligence, a combination of non-cognitive abilities, and a domain of social intelligence. Сэтгэлийн хөдөлгөөний оюун ухааны тухай эрдэмтдийн үзэл баримтлал тойм судалгаа Хураангуй: Сэтгэлийн хөдөлгөөний оюун ухаан нь хувь хүн өөрийн болон бусдын сэтгэл хөдлөлийг танин мэдэх, ухамсарлах, зохицуулан удирдах танин мэдэхүйн чадварын нэгдсэл бүрдэл юм. Энэхүү ойлголтыг анх Salovey ба Mayer (1990) нар тодорхойлсон бөгөөд сэтгэлийн хөдөлгөөний оюун ухаан нь хувь хүний сэтгэлзүйн сайн сайхан байдал, сурлагын амжил…
creator: Batchuluun Purev
creator: Pagmadulam Sarantuya
creator: Tuul Mytav
creator: Khishig-Undrakh Mijgee
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Batchuluun Purev, Pagmadulam Sarantuya, Tuul Mytav, Khishig-Undrakh Mijgee https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 17
number: 2
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.66295/otu.v17i2.4957

Theory and methodology of online tourism products and services current status
type: item
description: Since the beginning of the 21st century, humanity has entered a major stage of development known as the digital era, characterized by the rapid advancement of information and communication technologies. In today’s world, organizations across all sectors are leveraging digital technologies and information systems to enhance efficiency, expand their operations, and align with the pace of modern development. This technological progress has not only revolutionized human daily life but also brought fundamental transformations to traditional business models, structures, and practices. In other words, technology has redefined the rules of the game by enabling new forms of connectivity—not only among people but also between humans and machines, and even among machines themselves—thereby generating an immense wave of information exchange. In Mongolia, online services in the tourism sector were first introduced in 2010, and since 2016, these services have undergone significant modernization and diversification. However, as tourism enterprises adopt online platforms, they increasingly face the critical challenge of attracting and retaining their customers in a competitive digital environment. Globally, tourism has become one of the largest and fastest-growing industries, accounting for about 3% of the world’s GDP and approximately 8% of total export production. As a clean, non-polluting industry that promotes international cooperation and intercultural exchange, tourism continues to grow steadily each year. This research aims to develop a theoretical and methodological framework for understanding tourism products and services emerging in the online environment. Онлайн аялал жуулчлалын бүтээгдэхүүн үйлчилгээний онол арга зүй өнөөгийн нөхцөл байдал Хураангуй 21-р зуун гарсаар хүн төрөлхтний түүхэн дэх нэгэн том хөгжлийн үе шат болох цахим зуун буюу дижитал технологи эрчимтэй хөгжиж байна. Өнөө цагт аль ч салбарын байгууллага цаг үетэйгээ хөл нийлүүлж өөрсдийн цаг зав болон үйл а…
creator: Tuvshinbayar Bat-Ulzii
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tuvshinbayar Bat-Ulzii https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 17
number: 2
starting page: 8
ending page: 18
doi: 10.66295/otu.v17i2.4967

The Relationship between Emotional Regulation Ability and Job Satisfaction among Kindergarten Teachers
type: item
description: This study examined the relationship between emotion regulation abilities and job satisfaction among kindergarten teachers. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected from 120 kindergarten teachers working in preschool educational institutions in Dornogovi Province using random sampling. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) were administered to measure participants’ emotion regulation strategies and levels of job satisfaction. Reliability analysis indicated acceptable internal consistency for both instruments. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between emotion regulation ability and job satisfaction, indicating that teachers with higher emotion regulation capacity tend to report higher levels of job satisfaction. Among the dimensions of emotion regulation, motivation and social skills showed relatively higher mean scores, while self-awareness was comparatively lower. These findings suggest the need for targeted professional development programs aimed at enhancing teachers’ emotional awareness and self-regulation skills. The results contribute empirical evidence to the understanding of emotion regulation as a psychological resource supporting job satisfaction among kindergarten teachers and provide practical implications for teacher training and organizational support systems. Цэцэрлэгийн багш нарын сэтгэл хөдлөлөө удирдах чадвар ба ажлын байрны сэтгэл ханамжийн хамаарал (Цэцэрлэгийн багш нарын жишээн дээр) Хураангуй Энэхүү судалгаагаар цэцэрлэгийн багш нарын сэтгэл хөдлөлөө зохицуулах чадвар болон ажлын байрны сэтгэл ханамжийн хоорондын хамаарлыг судалсан. Судалгаанд Дорноговь аймгийн сургуулийн өмнөх боловсролын байгууллагад ажиллаж буй 120 цэцэрлэгийн багшийг санамсаргүй түүврийн аргаар хамруулан өгөгдөл цуглуулсан. Оролцогчдын сэтгэл хөдлөлийг зохицуулах стратеги болон ажлын байрны сэтгэл ханамжийн түвшинг хэмжих зорилгоор “Сэтгэ…
creator: Anudari Chinbat
creator: Nergui Tsogzolmaa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anudari Chinbat, Nergui Tsogzolmaa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 17
number: 2
starting page: 19
ending page: 28
doi: 10.66295/otu.v17i2.4968

A study on the impact of working capital policy on the financial performance of a company
type: item
description: This study examined the impact of working capital policy on company profitability. Using the financial statements of joint-stock companies engaged in food production listed on the Mongolian Stock Exchange for 2019-2023 and real GDP growth, the impact of working capital policy on return on assets was analyzed. The results of the study showed that there is a negative relationship between return on assets, an important indicator of a company's financial performance, and working capital investment and financing policies, which shows that low working capital and short-term debt have a positive effect on the profitability of the organization. For most of the companies participating in the study, the amount of working capital is neither too high nor too low, indicating that they are pursuing an aggressive working capital policy. An aggressive working capital policy is a policy that is implemented to keep the amount of working capital as low as possible. The analysis shows that Khuvsgul Huns and Uvs Huns JSCs have a high concentration of working capital. A conservative working capital policy allows for relatively high working capital. There is reason to believe that the above two companies are pursuing a conservative policy. Excessive concentration of working capital hinders the company's cash flow and negatively affects profitability. The results of the analysis show that sales growth is the variable that has the greatest negative impact on return on assets, and when the growth rate of revenue is lower than the growth rate of additional costs required to generate it, the return on total assets is lower than the return on assets before the increase in revenue. The results of the study suggest that companies are effective in implementing an aggressive working capital policy. Ажлын капиталын бодлого компанийн санхүүгийн гүйцэтгэлд үзүүлэх нөлөөллийн судалгаа Хураангуй: Энэхүү судалгаагаар компанийн ашигт ажиллагаанд ажлын капиталын бодлогын үзүүлэх нөлөөллийг судалсан. Монгол…
creator: Bujidmaa Buuvdei
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bujidmaa Buuvdei https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 17
number: 2
starting page: 29
ending page: 37
doi: 10.66295/otu.v17i2.4969

Some issues of the legal regulation of agreements between mineral license holders and local administrative authorities
type: item
description: This article examines the legal regulation of Article 42.1 of the Minerals Law of Mongolia, focusing on the nature of the agreement, its practical implementation, and the challenges arising in practice. A comparative analysis is conducted with international experiences. The study identifies ambiguities and inconsistencies in areas such as contract templates, standards, oversight mechanisms, local government participation, and accountability frameworks. It concludes that improvements in legal regulation are necessary. Adapting international best practices to the Mongolian context is deemed essential for ensuring genuine social responsibility in the mining sector. Ашигт малтмалын тусгай зөвшөөрөл эзэмшигч болон нутгийн захиргааны байгууллагын хооронд байгуулах гэрээний эрх зүйн зохицуулалтын зарим асуудал Хураангуй: Энэхүү өгүүлэлд Ашигт малтмалын тухай хуулийн 42.1 дэх заалтын эрх зүйн зохицуулалт, гэрээний шинж чанар, практик хэрэгжилт, тулгамдаж буй асуудлуудыг судалж, олон улсын туршлагатай харьцуулан дүн шинжилгээ хийв. Судалгааны үр дүнд гэрээний загвар, стандарт, хяналт, орон нутгийн оролцоо, хариуцлага хүлээлгэх механизм зэрэгт тодорхойгүй байдал, зөрчилдөөн байгааг тогтоож, зохицуулалтыг сайжруулах шаардлагатайг дүгнэлээ. Олон улсын туршлагыг Монголын нөхцөлд нийцүүлэн хэрэгжүүлэх нь уул уурхайн нийгмийн хариуцлагыг бодитой болгоход чухал ач холбогдолтой юм. Түлхүүр үг: Ашигт малтмал, тусгай зөвшөөрөл эзэмшигч, нутгийн захиргааны байгууллага, гэрээ
creator: Zuntsas Munkhbat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Zuntsas Munkhbat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 17
number: 2
starting page: 38
ending page: 47
doi: 10.66295/otu.v17i2.4970

Definition of innovation activities of the organization, its quality and content
type: item
description: Nowadays, the knowledge economy has become the trend of global development. In this context, innovation activities to transform knowledge into effective use have intensified significantly, and strengthening the innovation capacity of any economic entity has become crucial for increasing competitiveness. In particular, for organizations and enterprises, it is necessary to activate innovation activities, optimize their management and organization, and increase results and benefits. This work discusses the content of innovation activities of enterprises and organizations, the content of some key concepts related to it, and the scope, types, and classifications of innovation activities at the organizational level. Байгууллагын инновацын үйл ажиллагаа, түүний мөн чанар, агуулгын тодорхойлолт Хураангуй: Орчин үед мэдлэгийн эдийн засаг дэлхий дахины хөгжлийн чиг хандлагыг тодорхойлох боллоо. Энэ нөхцөлд мэдлэгийг үр ашигтай хэрэглээ болгон хувиргах инновацын үйл ажиллагаа ихээхэн эрчимжиж, эдийн засгийн аливаа субъектийн хувьд инновацын чадавхийг бэхжүүлэх нь өрсөлдөх чадварыг нэмэгдүүлэхэд шийдвэрлэх ач холбогдолтой болж байна. Ялангуяа байгууллага, аж ахуйн нэгжүүдийн хувьд инновацын үйл ажиллагааг идэвхжүүлэн, түүний удирдлага, зохион байгуулалтыг оновчтой болгож, үр дүн, үр өгөөжийг нэмэгдүүлэх явдал өнөөгийн цаг үеийн шаардлага болоод байна. Уг бүтээлд аж ахуйн нэгж, байгууллагын инновацын үйл ажиллагаа, түүнтэй холбоотой зарим гол ойлголтуудын агуулга, байгууллагын түвшин дэх инновацын үйл ажиллагааны хамрах хүрээ, төрөл хэлбэр, ангиллын асуудлыг хөндөн авч үзлээ. Түлхүүр үг: Байгууллагын инновацын үйл ажиллагаа, үе шат, ангилал, төрөл, хэлбэр
creator: Jargal Galaa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jargal Galaa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 17
number: 2
starting page: 48
ending page: 56
doi: 10.66295/otu.v17i2.4971

Results of the study examining the correlation between students’ empathy and stress
type: item
description: Introduction: In the 21st century, the rapid development of artificial intelligence, electronic communication, automation, and the digital environment has transformed human social and psychological relationships. This transformation has also raised concerns about a potential decline in empathy—the ability to understand and share the feelings of others—as reported by numerous studies. Empathy has been widely studied across various fields, including education, health, social sciences, humanities, and psychology, and is recognized as an essential skill for maintaining psychological well-being, upholding professional ethics, and facilitating effective communication. As the capacity to understand, experience, and share others’ emotions, empathy positively influences clinical skills and professional relationships. Recent research has confirmed the effectiveness of various instructional methods for enhancing empathy, such as the use of art, humanistic approaches, ethics, cultural learning, and clinical communication training. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the level of empathy among students at the School of Health Sciences, Etugen University, and to examine its relationship with stress. Results: Among 761 students from Etugen University’s School of Health Sciences, the mean empathy score was 21.98 ± 0.16, and the mean emotion regulation score was 14.8 ± 0.11. A total of 60.71% of participants experienced stress, and higher stress levels were associated with lower empathy scores. Differences across age, gender, and academic year were minimal; however, stress level had a significant negative impact on empathy. Conclusion: Empathy plays a crucial role in students’ psychological health and professional ethics. As stress levels increase, empathy tends to decrease. Therefore, it is essential to implement empathy development training and stress reduction interventions within educational environments. Оюутны эмпати чадварыг стресстэй холбон судалсан дүн Хураангуй …
creator: Pagmadulam Sarantuya
creator: Batchuluun Purev
creator: Enkhbayar Batsaikhan
creator: Bayarmaa Dolgorsuren
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Pagmadulam Sarantuya, Batchuluun Purev, Enkhbayar Batsaikhan, Bayarmaa Dolgorsuren https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 17
number: 2
starting page: 57
ending page: 67
doi: 10.66295/otu.v17i2.4972

A study of the development of competency theory
type: item
description: The rapid changes in modern jobs are causing even the characteristics of employee knowledge to change. Based on the theoretical basis and conceptual research on competence, research work was carried out with the aim of developing a theoretical model that can be measured in an expanded framework in accordance with the trends of the labor market. Competence (competence) is necessary to perform the work or includes knowledge, skills and attitudes in the components. This concept was adopted in 1993 by Spencer and Spencer (Spencer, L. M., Spencer, S. M, 1993) “The study identified the KSAB model of competence based on the deep analysis of the Iceberg Model of Competency”, which is defined as the KSA model. Summarizing the theory, definition, and attitude about competence and job performance, a theoretical model was developed under the influence of variables that regulate the employee's self-management ability and management methods in the relationship between competence and work performance. The study looks at behavior from many angles and the factors that represent it are only “What action does it do?” not by the way, “Why do you do that?, the possibilities of further development, the compatibility of the organization with culture, and the ability to adapt to the new environment are defined in order to comprehensively express the variables. It has the advantage of being more in-depth, development-oriented, creative, collaborative, and inclusive of potential components in relation to traditional behavioral assessment. Чадамжийн онолын хөгжлийн судалгаа Хураангуй: Орчин цагийн ажлын байрны хурдтай өөрчлөлт нь ажилтны мэдлэгийн шинж чанарыг хүртэл өөрчлөхөд хүргэж байна. Чадамжийн тухай онолын үндэс, үзэл баримтлалын судалгааны үндсэн дээр чадамжийг хөдөлмөрийн зах зээлийн чиг хандлагад нийцүүлэн өргөтгөсөн хүрээнд хэмжиж болохуйц онолын загвар боловсруулах зорилго бүхий судалгааны ажлыг хийж гүйцэтгэлээ. Чадамж (competency) нь ажлыг хийж гүйцэтгэхэд шаардлагатай буюу бүрэ…
creator: Chanagnyangar Sharavpurev
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Chanagnyangar Sharavpurev https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 17
number: 2
starting page: 68
ending page: 78
doi: 10.66295/otu.v17i2.4980

Research to increase the utilization of human resources in a business organization
type: item
description: Since the 1990s, Mongolia had a centrally planned economy. During that time, research was conducted on the scientific organization of economic units, and as a result, labor was introduced. After the transition to a market economy, the operations of factories stagnated, leading to neglect of labor resource utilization and workforce supply services. From this problem perspective, this study explores the theory and methodology of improving labor resource utilization and increasing production efficiency, combining factors that influence it with economic and business analysis methods. Бизнесийн байгууллагын хөдөлмөрийн нөөц ашиглалтыг нэмэгдүүлэх боломжийн судалгаа Хураангуй: 1990-ээд оноос хойш Монгол улс төвлөрсөн төлөвлөгөөт эдийн засагтай байсан. Энэ хугацаанд эдийн засгийн нэгжүүдийн шинжлэх ухааны зохион байгуулалтын талаар судалгаа хийж, үүний үр дүнд хөдөлмөрийг нэвтрүүлсэн. Зах зээлийн эдийн засагт шилжсэний дараа үйлдвэрүүдийн үйл ажиллагаа зогсонги байдалд орж, хөдөлмөрийн нөөцийн ашиглалт, ажиллах хүчний хангамжийн үйлчилгээг орхигдуулсаар ирсэн байна. Энэхүү асуудлын үүднээс авч үзвэл энэхүү судалгаа нь хөдөлмөрийн нөөцийн ашиглалтыг сайжруулах, үйлдвэрлэлийн үр ашгийг нэмэгдүүлэх онол, арга зүйг судалж, түүнд нөлөөлж буй хүчин зүйлсийг эдийн засаг, бизнесийн шинжилгээний аргуудтай хослуулсан болно. Түлхүүр үг: Хөдөлмөр, нөөц, бүтээмж, ашиглалт
creator: Bulgan Tumur-Ochir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bulgan Tumur-Ochir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 17
number: 2
starting page: 79
ending page: 87
doi: 10.66295/otu.v17i2.4981

Exploring the Integration of SDG 4 “Quality Education” in English Language Teaching
type: item
description: The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals provide a global framework for addressing urgent environmental, social, and economic challenges. Education for Sustainable Development within SDG 4, Quality Education, highlights education’s role in shaping responsible global citizens. This paper explores how English Language Teaching can integrate SDGs to enhance language proficiency while strengthening critical thinking, intercultural competence, and sustainability awareness. Through content-based and task-based approaches, learners engage with real-world issues. The study presents strategies, classroom examples, and challenges, advocating relevant English education. Тогтвортой хөгжлийн зорилтын 4 дүгээр зорилтыг англи хэлний сургалтад нэгтгэх боломж, арга зам Хураангуй Нэгдсэн Үндэстний Байгууллагын - НҮБ-ын Тогтвортой Хөгжлийн Зорилтууд нь байгаль орчин, нийгэм, эдийн засгийн тулгамдсан асуудлуудыг шийдвэрлэх дэлхийн цар хүрээг бүрдүүлдэг. Үүн дотроо Чанартай боловсрол олгох 4 дүгээр зорилтын хүрээнд Тогтвортой Хөгжлийн Боловсрол нь хариуцлагатай дэлхийн иргэдийг төлөвшүүлэхэд боловсролын үүргийг онцолж өгдөг. Энэхүү өгүүлэлд оюутны шүүмжлэлт сэтгэлгээ, харилцаа, соёл хоорондын ойлголт зэрэг хэлний мэдлэг ур чадварыг сайжруулахын зэрэгцээ Тогтвортой Хөгжлийн Зорилтууд бүхий агуулгыг хэлний хичээлд багтаан зааж болохыг судалсан. Ингэснээр хэлний хичээлийн агуулгад суурилсан, даалгаварт суурилсан зэрэг арга барилуудаар дамжуулан суралцагчид дэлхий дахинд тулгарч буй асуудлуудыг танин мэдэж, түүнийг шийдвэрлэх зэрэг чадвар эзэмшдэг. Бид энэхүү судалгаагаар англи хэлний чанартай боловсролыг олгоход шаардагдах стратеги, арга барил, тулгарах бэрхшээлүүдийг шийдвэрлэх арга замтай нь судлан таниулахыг зорилоо. Түлхүүр үгс: англи хэлний заах арга зүй, тогтвортой хөгжлийн боловсрол зорилго, шүүмжлэлт сэтгэлгээ, хэлний ур чадвар, дэлхийн иргэн, сургалтын хөтөлбөр
creator: Odon Dashnyam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Odon Dashnyam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 17
number: 2
starting page: 88
ending page: 98
doi: 10.66295/otu.v17i2.4982

An Empirical Study of Fintech User Behavior Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
type: item
description: This study aims to identify the economic impact of artificial intelligence (AI)-based fintech applications, specifically mobile lending apps, by examining the factors influencing users’ attitudes, behavioral intentions, and actual usage. A random sample of 167 users was surveyed, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 25 through correlation, regression, and mediation analyses. The results reveal that perceived ease of use (PEOU) significantly and positively affects perceived usefulness (PU) (β = 0.358, p < 0.001), while perceived usefulness (PU) influences attitude toward use (ATU) (β = 0.258, p < 0.001). Attitude toward use (ATU) has the strongest impact on behavioral intention (BI) (β = 0.706, p < 0.001), whereas the effect of behavioral intention on actual use (AU) is weak and statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that even when users hold a positive attitude toward technology, external factors such as trust, perceived risk, and financial capability play a crucial role in converting intention into actual behavior. The study contributes to understanding user acceptance of AI-driven fintech services from an economic perspective and provides practical implications for enhancing user engagement, trust, and sustainable adoption of mobile lending platforms in emerging markets. TAM загварын хүрээнд финтек хэрэглэгчдийн зан төлөвийг судлах нь Хураангуй: Энэхүү судалгааны зорилго нь хиймэл оюун ухаанд суурилсан финтек үйлчилгээ, ялангуяа мобайл зээлийн аппликейшний хэрэглэгчийн хандлага, зан төлөв болон бодит хэрэглээнд нөлөөлөх хүчин зүйлсийг тодорхойлох явдал юм. Судалгаанд санамсаргүй түүврийн аргаар сонгогдсон 167 хэрэглэгчийг хамруулж, асуумжийн аргаар өгөгдөл цуглуулсан бөгөөд өгөгдлийг SPSS 25 программ ашиглан хамаарлын шинжилгээ, регрессийн шинжилгээ болон дам нөлөөний шинжилгээгээр үр дүнг боловсруулсан. Шинжилгээний үр дүнгээс харахад технологийг ашиглахад хялбар гэж үзэх ойлголт (PEOU) нь технологийг ашигтай гэж үнэлэх ойлголтод (PU) ст…
creator: Uchral Munkhjargal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Uchral Munkhjargal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 17
number: 2
starting page: 99
ending page: 106
doi: 10.66295/otu.v17i2.4983

Theoretical concept of real estate mortgage
type: item
description: People generally have a common understanding of using immovable property as collateral to generate economic activity. However, they do not tend to study how the concept of pledging immovable property has evolved from ancient times to the present. This is because individuals mainly think about mortgaging their own or others' immovable property as stipulated in the Civil Code and the Law on Mortgage of Immovable Property to obtain loans in local or foreign currencies, prepare down payments, or qualify for housing loans. Every legally competent citizen can participate in economic circulation by pledging their own or others' immovable property, but this process is primarily governed by private law and depends on the mutual intent of the parties involved in the legal relationship of the mortgage. Through this article, I aim to explain the concept of immovable property within the scope of private ownership. I will discuss how the concept of mortgaging private immovable property developed during the Roman Empire and examine how this concept and its legal regulations have evolved in Mongolia since 1992. Furthermore, I will present an explanation of the right to re-mortgage property without releasing the existing mortgage from the perspective of the theory of intent. Үл хөдлөх эд хөрөнгийн барьцааны онолын үзэл баримтлал Хураангуй: Үл хөдлөх эд хөрөнгө барьцаалж эдийн засгийн эргэлтэд оруулах талаар иргэд түгээмэл ойлголттой байдаг боловч үл хөдлөх эд хөрөнгө барьцаалах ойлголт нь эрт цагт болон орчин үед ямар түвшинд хөгжиж ирсэн талаар төдийлөн судлаад байхыг хүсдэггүй. Учир нь иргэд Иргэний хууль болон Үл хөдлөх эд хөрөнгийн барьцааны тухай хуульд зааснаар өөрсдийн хувийн болон бусдын өмчлөлийн үл хөдлөх эд хөрөнгийг тодорхой нэг шалтгаанаар барьцаалж төгрөгийн болон бусад валютын зээл авах, урьдчилгаа бэлдэж, орон сууцны зээлд хамрагдах талаар л боддог. Эрх зүйн чадамжтай иргэн бүр өөрийн өмчлөлийн болон бусдын өмчлөлийн үл хөдлөх эд хөрөнгийг барьцаалах замаар эдийн зас…
creator: Byamba-Erdene Sukhbaatar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Byamba-Erdene Sukhbaatar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 17
number: 2
starting page: 107
ending page: 114
doi: 10.66295/otu.v17i2.4984

An Analysis of the Training Activities of he Judicial Decision Enforcement Agency
type: item
description: In today’s world, education has become both a means for individuals to live and work, as well as a fundamental right that everyone should enjoy equally and fairly. The need for education arises from social demands and therefore requires legal regulation. From a human rights perspective, access to quality education can be defined as the right to participate in training that aligns with social change, development, and contemporary needs. However, researchers acknowledge that the need for learning varies among members of society. Consequently, training that meets the demands of the time can be considered essential for individuals from diverse cultural and social groups to lead a dignified life. A review of modern educational concepts, theoretical trends, and perspectives shows that “learning is a process of acquiring knowledge, skills, habits, and cultural values, and developing new attitudes.” Learning is not limited to acquiring knowledge alone but also encompasses values, ethics, culture, and ultimately, human development. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that since learning outcomes consist of a structured development of knowledge, perception, attitude, and value-based assessment, the education of officers within the Court Decision Enforcement Agency must also adhere to and implement these principles Шүүхийн шийдвэр гүйцэтгэх байгууллагын сургалтын үйл ажиллагаанд хийсэн шинжилгээ Хураангуй: Боловсрол нь хүний амьдарч аж төрөх арга хэрэгсэл, эдлэх ёстой эрх болсон өнөө үед хүн бүр энэ боломжийг тэгш эдэлж, үр ашгийг нь шударгаар хүртэхийг зорих болжээ. Боловсрол эзэмших асуудал нь нийгмийн хэрэгцээнээс үүдэлтэй бөгөөд зайлшгүй хуульчлан зохицуулах шаардлагатай юм. Хүний эрх талаасаа чанартай боловсрол эзэмших асуудал нь нийгмийн өөрчлөлт, хөгжил, цаг үеийн эрэлт хэрэгцээнд нийцсэн сургалтад хамрагдах эрх гэж тодорхойлж болохоор байна. Гэсэн хэдий ч өнөөгийн нийгэмд суралцах хэрэгцээ нь нийгмийн гишүүдийн хувьд харилцан адилгүй байгааг судлаачид хүлээн …
creator: Gantsetseg Ganbaatar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gantsetseg Ganbaatar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 17
number: 2
starting page: 115
ending page: 124
doi: 10.66295/otu.v17i2.4992

Legal framework for citizen participation: regulation and reform
type: item
description: In Mongolia, the foundational principles for strengthening citizen participation, originating with the 1992 Constitution, began to develop more rapidly in the 2010s. Over the past decade, the emergence of modern participation infrastructure and reforms of legal institutions has created a new environment for civic engagement. According to United Nations assessments, Mongolia’s e‑government has advanced rapidly, with significant growth in online services and digital participation capacity in recent years, thereby expanding the technical opportunities for public involvement in policy-making processes. However, citizen participation in legislative process remains largely formalistic, and the institutional mechanisms for officially incorporating citizens’ input are weak, which limits the effectiveness of genuine engagement. Therefore, this paper proposes the legal codification of participation standards, reporting, accountability, and incentive mechanisms; the establishment of detailed procedures to ensure opportunities for local direct democracy; and the improvement of equitable access to digital participation and its supporting legal regulations. Иргэдийн оролцооны эрх зүйн орчны зохицуулалт ба шинэчлэл Хураангуй: Монгол Улсад 1992 оны Үндсэн хуулиас эхтэй иргэдийн оролцоог бэхжүүлэх суурь үзэл баримтлал 2010-аад оноос эрчимтэй хөгжиж ирсэн бөгөөд сүүлийн 10 гаруй жилд орчин үеийн оролцооны дэд бүтэц болон эрх зүйн институцийн шинэчлэл зэрэгцэн өрнөснөөр шинэ нөхцөл байдал бүрдсэн билээ. НҮБ‑ын дүнгээр Монгол Улсын цахим засаглал эрчимтэй ахиж, онлайн үйлчилгээ, цахим оролцооны чадавх сүүлийн жилүүдэд огцом өссөн нь бодлогын үйл явц дахь оролцоог техникийн хувьд өргөжүүлэх боломжийг нэмэгдүүлжээ. Гэсэн ч хууль тогтоох үйл явцад иргэдийн оролцоо ихэвчлэн формаль байдалтай, иргэдийн санал тусгах албан баталгааны тогтолцоо сул байгаа нь бодит оролцооны үр нөлөөг хязгаарлаж байна. Иймд тус өгүүллээр оролцооны стандарт болон тайлагнал, хариуцлага, урамшууллыг багцлан хуульч…
creator: Gantsooj Badnaa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gantsooj Badnaa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
volume: 17
number: 2
starting page: 125
ending page: 136
doi: 10.66295/otu.v17i2.4994