Green Corrosion Inhibition and Adsorption Mechanism of Ricinus communis L.Extracts on Mild Steel

Gayatri Maiya Koju; Anju Kumari Das; Dipak Kumar Gupta; Nabin Karki; Amar Prasad Yadav

doi:10.5564/mjc.v27i56.4946

Authors

Gayatri Maiya Koju Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44613, Nepal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7491-0731
Anju Kumari Das Amrit Science Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0935-5838
Dipak Kumar Gupta Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44613, Nepal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-9495
Nabin Karki Bhaktapur Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Bhaktapur 44800, Nepal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3858-776X
Amar Prasad Yadav Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44613, Nepal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8592-4856

Keywords:

Ricinus communis L., Green Inhibitor, Adsorption, Atomic Force Microscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Abstract

Plant-based corrosion inhibitors offer effective corrosion protection, are eco-friendly and safe, biodegradable, low-cost, readily available, and renewable resources, thereby reducing dependence on chemical-based alternatives. Investigating Ricinus communis L. aqueous extracts as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in an acidic medium is a significant step toward greater efficiency in corrosion research. The corrosion-inhibition behavior of the extracts was studied using the gravimetric method and electrochemical methods. UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were used to analyze the extract. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the surface morphology and the protective film. The results suggest that the extracts contain O–H, C–N, and C=C functional groups. These groups play a key role in their corrosion-inhibiting behavior. In an acidic medium, inhibition efficiency increased with increasing extract concentration and decreased with increasing temperature. The inhibition efficiency was maximum at 3 hours, increased with increasing inhibitor concentration, and decreased with increasing temperature. The adsorption isotherm follows Langmuir adsorption, and the thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption follows a mixed-type isotherm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy reveal the adsorption of the extract molecules, showing a smooth surface on the inhibited mild steel. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy supports the formation of C 1s, O 1s, and N 1s of the extract bonding with Fe 2p on the mild steel in the inhibited sample.

Abstract
13

PDF

9

References

1. Callister W. D., Jr., Rethwisch D. G. (2018) Materials Science and Engineering: An introduction. Wiley, New York.

2. Watari T., Nansai K., & Nakajima K. (2021) Major Metals Demand, Supply, and Environmental Impacts to 2100: A Critical Review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 164, 105107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105107

3. Alaneme K. K., Olusegun S. J., & Adelowo O. T. (2016) Corrosion Inhibition and Adsorption Mechanism Studies of Hunteria umbellata Seed Husk Extracts on Mild Steel Immersed in Acidic Solutions. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 55(1), 673–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2015.10.009

4. Rahal H., Abdel-Gaber A. M., El-Rifai M. S., & El-Housseiny S. (2024) The Potential of Natural Leaf Extracts as Green Inhibitors for Mild Steel Corrosion in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions. Moroccan Journal of Chemistry, 12(4), 1554–1574. https://doi.org/10.48317/IMIST.PRSM/MORJCHEM-V12I4.49691

5. Karki N., Neupane S., Gupta D. K., Das A. K., Singh S., Koju, G. M., Yadav, A. P. (2021) Berberine Isolated from Mahonia nepalensis as an Eco-friendly and Thermally Stable Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acid Medium. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 14(12), 103423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103423

6. Ashassi-Sorkhabi H., Seifzadeh D., Hosseini M. G. (2008) EN, EIS and Polarization Studies to Evaluate the Inhibition Effect of 3H-phenothiazin-3-one, 7-dimethylamin on Mild Steel Corrosion in 1M HCl Solution. Corrosion Science, 50(12), 3363–3370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2008.09.022

7. Rahal H. T., Abdel-Gaber A. M., El Khatib L. W. (2023) Evaluation of Fragaria ananassa and Cucurbita pepo L Leaf Extracts as Natural Green Corrosion Inhibitors for Copper in 0.5 M Hydrochloric Acid Solution. International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.17675/2305-6894-2023-12-4-4

8. Arthur D. E., Abechi S. E. (2019) Corrosion inhibition studies of mild steel using Acalypha chamaedrifolia leaves extract in hydrochloric acid medium. SN Applied Sciences, 1(9), 1089. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1138-4

9. Al-Nami Samar. Y., Fouda A. E.-A. (2019) Calotropis Procera Extract as Corrosion Inhibitor for Copper in Nitric Acidic Environment. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 6902–6919. https://doi.org/10.20964/2019.07.118

10. Chevalier M., Lebrini M., Robert F., Sutour S., Tomi F., Jama, C., Roos, C. (2019) Investigation of Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency of Amazonian Tree Alkaloids Extract for C38 Steel In 1M Hydrochloric Media. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 14(2), 1208–1223. https://doi.org/10.20964/2019.02.38

11. Devikala S., Kamaraj P., Arthanareeswari M., Patel M. B. (2019) Green corrosion inhibition of mild steel by aqueous Allium sativum extract in 3.5% NaCl. Materials Today: Proceedings, 14, 580–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.04.182

12. Gupta D. K., Awasthi L., Das A. K., Yadav B., Ghimire A., & Yadav A. P. (2020) Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Acidic Extract of Bark of Eucalyptus Globulus on Mild Steel. Tribhuvan University Journal, 35(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v35i1.35828

13. Gupta D. K., Kafle K. A., Das A. K., Neupane S., Ghimire A., Yadav B. D., Yadav A. P. (2020) Study of Jatropha Curcas Extract as a Corrosion Inhibitor in Acidic Medium on Mild Steel by Weight Loss and Potentiodynamic Methods. Journal of Nepal Chemical Society, 41(1), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v41i1.30493

14. Chen S., Zhu B., Liang X. (2020) Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Coconut Leaf Extract as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for X65 Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.20964/2020.01.39

15. Karki N., Neupane S., Chaudhary Y., Gupta D. K., Yadav A. P. (2021) Equisetum hyemale: A New Candidate for Green Corrosion Inhibitor Family. International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition, 10(1), 206–227. https://doi.org/10.17675/2305-6894-2021-10-1-12

16. El-Housseiny S., Abdel-Gaber A. M., Rahal H. T., Beqai F. T. (2022) Eco-friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acidic Media. International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition. https://doi.org/10.17675/2305-6894-2022-11-4-6

17. Karki N., Neupane S., Gupta D. K., Yadav A. P. (2023) Electrochemical Study on the Effect of Polar and Non-polar Extract of Artemisia vulgaris on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild-Steel in an Acidic Medium. RSC Advances, 13(11), 7603–7613. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA00148B

18. Abomughaid M. M., Teibo J. O., Akinfe O. A., Adewolu A. M., Teibo T. K. A., Afifi M., Batiha G. E.-S. (2024) A phytochemical and pharmacological review of Ricinus communis L. Discover Applied Sciences, 6(6), 315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-05964-5

19. Kumar M. (2017) A Review on Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Ricinus communis L. Plant. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.25258/phyto.v9i4.8116

20. Jena J., Gupta A. K. (2012) RICINUS COMMUNIS LINN: A PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4(4), 25-29.

21. Faustin M., Lebrini M., Robert F., Roos C. (2011) Corrosion Studies of C38 Steel by Alkaloids Extract of a Tropical Plant Type. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 6, 4095-4113. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1452-3981(23)18313-1

22. Koju G. M., Neupane S., Gupta D. K., Barik R. C., Karki N., Yadav A. P. (2026) Alkaloids from methanolic extract of Berberis asiatica as a potential corrosion inhibitor for active metal. Results in Chemistry, 20, 102982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102982

23. Pratiwi R. A., Nandiyanto A. B. D. (2022) How to Read and Interpret UV-VIS Spectrophotometric Results in Determining the Structure of Chemical Compounds. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Technology, 2(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijert.v2i1.35171

24. Nandiyanto A. B. D., Oktiani R., Ragadhita R. (2019) How to Read and Interpret FTIR Spectroscope of Organic Material. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(1), 97–118. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v4i1.15806

25. Karki N., Neupane S., Chaudhary Y., Gupta D. K., Yadav A. P. (2020) Berberis Aristata: A Highly Efficient and Thermally Stable Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acidic Medium. Analytical& Bioanalytical Electrochemistry, 12(7), 970–988. http://www.abechem.com/article_43505.html

26. Patel N. S., Hadlicka J., Beranek P., Salghi R., Bouya H., Ismat H. A., Hammouti, B. (2014) Corrosion Inhibition of Steel by Various Parts of Rotula Aquatica Plant Extracts in H2SO4 Solutions: Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta, 32(6), 395–403. https://doi.org/10.4152/pea.201406395

27. Krishnaveni K., Ravichandran J. (2014) Effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Morinda tinctoria on corrosion inhibition of aluminium surface in HCl medium. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 24(8), 2704–2712. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63401-4

28. Murari, A., A, A., Sirimahachai, U., Rao, S., Hegde, G. (2026) Corrosion inhibition of mild steel using eco-friendly porous nanocarbon derived from waste mango kernels: a step towards sustainability. RSC Advances, 16(8), 6915–6930. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA09725H

29. Kairi N. I., Kassim J. (2013). The Effect of Temperature on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in 1 M HCl Solution by Curcuma Longa Extract. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 8(5), 7138–7155.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1452-3981(23)14836-X

30. Pandey B., Pandey D., Pant N. P., Bhattarai D. P., Dhakal M., Oli, H. B. (2024) Methanol extract of Murraya koenigii stem as green inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution. Results in Surfaces and Interfaces, 16, 100245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsurfi.2024.100245

31. Ostovari A., Hoseinieh S. M., Peikari M., Shadizadeh S. R., Hashemi S. J. (2009) Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in 1M HCl Solution by Henna Extract: A Comparative Study of the Inhibition by Henna and Its Constituents (Lawsone, Gallic acid, α-d-Glucose and Tannic acid). Corrosion Science, 51, 1935–1949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.05.024

32. Sadeghi Erami R., Amirnasr M., Meghdadi S., Talebian M., Farrokhpour H., Raeissi K. (2019) Carboxamide Derivatives as New Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel Protection in Hydrochloric Acid Solution. Corrosion Science, 151, 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2019.02.019

33. Hamdy A., El-Gendy N. Sh. (2013) Thermodynamic, Adsorption and Electrochemical Studies for Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel by Henna Extract in Acid Medium. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 22(1), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2012.06.002

34. Odewunmi N. A., Umoren S. A., Gasem Z. M., Ganiyu Saheed. A., Muhammad Q. (2015) L-Citrulline: An Active Corrosion Inhibitor Component of Watermelon Rind Extract For Mild Steel In HCl Medium. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 51, 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2015.01.012

35. Salcı A., Yüksel H., Solmaz R. (2022) Experimental Studies on the Corrosion Inhibition Performance of 2-(2-Aminophenyl)Benzimidazole for Mild Steel Protection in HCl Solution. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 134, 104349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104349

36. Bentiss F., Lebrini M., Lagrenée M. (2005) Thermodynamic Characterization of Metal Dissolution and Inhibitor Adsorption Processes In Mild Steel/2,5-Bis(N-Thienyl)-1,3,4-Thiadiazoles/Hydrochloric Acid System. Corrosion Science, 47(12), 2915–2931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2005.05.034

37. Mathina A., Rajalakshmi R. (2016) Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Acid Medium using Canna Indica as Green Corrosion Inhibitor. RASAYAN J. Chem., 9(1), 56–66.

38. Kaya F., Solmaz, R., Geçibesler İ. H. (2023) Investigation of Adsorption, Corrosion Inhibition, Synergistic Inhibition Effect and Stability Studies of Rheum ribes Leaf Extract on Mild Steel in 1 M HCl Solution. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 143, 104712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104712

39. Zhao J., Zhao T., Zhang Y., Zhang Z., Chen Z., Wang J., & Chen M. (2024) Corrosion Behavior of the 2024 Aluminum Alloy in the Atmospheric Environment of the South China Sea Islands. Coatings, 14(3), 331. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14030331

40. Tan B., Zhang, S., He J., Li W., Qiang Y., Wang, Q., Chen, S. (2021) Insight into Anti-Corrosion Mechanism of Tetrazole Derivatives for X80 Steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 Medium: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Researches. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 321, 114464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114464

41. Alagta A., Felhösi I., Bertoti I., Kálmán E. (2008) Corrosion Protection Properties of Hydroxamic Acid Self-Assembled Monolayer on Carbon Steel. Corrosion Science, 50(6), 1644–1649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2008.02.008

42. Anadebe V. C., Chukwuike V. I., Chandra Nayak K., Ebenso E. E., Chandra Barik, R. (2024) Combined electrochemical, atomic scale-DFT and MD simulation of Nickel based metal organic framework (Ni-MOF) as corrosion inhibitor for X65 pipeline steel in CO2- saturated brine. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 312, 128606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2023.128606

43. Chevalier M., Robert, F., Amusant N., Traisnel M., Roos, C., Lebrini M. (2014) Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of Mild Steel in 1M Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Alkaloids Extract from Aniba rosaeodora Plant: Electrochemical, Phytochemical and XPS Studies. Electrochimica Acta, 131, 96–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.023

44. El Hamdani N., Fdil R., Tourabi M., Jama, C., Bentiss F. (2015) Alkaloids Extract of Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss. Seeds used as Novel Eco-friendly Inhibitor for Carbon Steel Corrosion in 1 M HCl Solution: Electrochemical and Surface Studies. Applied Surface Science, 357, 1294–1305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.09.159

45. Raja P. B., Qureshi A. K., Abdul Rahim A., Osman, H., Awang K. (2013) Neolamarckia cadamba Alkaloids as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel In 1M HCl Media. Corrosion Science, 69, 292–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2012.11.042