Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences

Impacts of natural and anthropogenic factors on soil erosion

Nomin Gantulga — 2023-07-03

Soil erosion is a serious issue that is caused by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Natural processes, including water and wind erosion, as well as higher temperatures, have been identified as leading causes of soil erosion. Additionally, anthropogenic factors, such as urbanization, road construction, agriculture, industry, mining, and others significantly contribute to this problem. These factors have resulted in the loss of biological productivity of the land and have inflicted damage on the entire ecosystem. Since 2000, soil erosion and desertification have become even more severe, exacerbating the problem. The soil of Mongolia, characterized by an arid and semi-arid climate with low precipitation and high temperature fluctuations, is highly susceptible to erosion with approximately 55% of it being classified as high or very easy to erode. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the natural processes and anthropogenic factors that contribute to soil erosion, as well as the current status of soil in various regions of Mongolia.

Paradigm shift in traditional Mongolian medicine in the 18th century

Enkhamgalan Damiran — 2023-07-19

As Thomas Kuhn stated in his book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions", revolution is an example of advanced science made by a successful paradigm shift from one to another. At that time, Kuhn's idea was a revolution in itself, becoming the primary method for scientific change. It became a basis for science paradigm policy shift and since, has been a model for gradual reform. Identifying and incorporating this model into the countries' scientific policy and reform is extremely important. The applicability of the used model can be judged by the outcomes resulting in the paradigm shift. By the way, not every scientific progress results in revolution. However, we would like to note that a laggard period with weak mental development is ended by an intellectual outburst. In other words, although in the 17th century, Mongols accepted Tibetan medicine within the framework of the "Four Medical Tantras" with recognition and common scientific mind, later in the 18th century, they thought beyond the box of the "Four Medical Tantras" and created the opportunity to develop a new paradigm. This shift made a valuable contribution to the establishment of, in a broader sense, Mongolian medicine and, in a narrow sense, traditional Mongolian medicine.

Body composition and performance of high-ranking female athletes of Mongolia

Bat-Erdene Shagdar — 2023-07-29

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of morphological and functional indicators depending on sports specializations among distinguished Mongolian female athletes. Our study involved 123 athletes aged 18-34 in six sports disciplines and the body composition of the athletes were measured by anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance. Physical performance was assessed by Harvard Step Test, alongside spirometry and physical fitness tests. Sports specializations affect the indicators of physical development and body composition of athletes, which revealed significant differences between them. According to the Harvard Test, 85% (34) of team sports athletes, 53.4% (31) of martial arts athletes received good and excellent marks. High-ranking Mongolian male athletes have different body compositions according to various sports disciplines and one can create a profile of an athlete within specific sports. Many years of training can improve an athlete’s performance. The cardiovascular function of athletes involved in martial arts quickly returns to normal after training.

Editorial

Budeebazar Avid — 2023-06-30

No abstract in English