Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation of dry aged beef

Gantumur Zuljargal — 2023-08-01

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of the extended dry aging period (0, 20, 40, and 60 days) on lipid oxidation, fatty acid profile, and tenderness in selected dry aged Hanwoo cow beef cut loins. Dry aging regimes were 4⁰C and 85% relative humidity. Lipid oxidation was determined by using 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Shear force values of the highly marbled beef decreased first 20d aging, and did not significantly change after that, until 60d. Hardness of texture profile analysis gradually decreased, but chewiness value did not differ. A total of 16 fatty acids were identified in dry-aged beef. The most predominant FAs in the aged beef were C18:1, C16:0, and C18:0. The C18:2 was the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the samples. Total PUFA gradually and C18:2n-6 decreased (p<0.05) during aging. C20:1, C18:3n-3, C20:4 and C22:1 acid significantly decreased (p<0.05) until 20d aging and no changes were observed after 20d to 60d. 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive values of beef increased (p<0.001) during dry-aging days, dry aging for 40d and 60d resulted in excessive oxidation of lipids. Dry-aged meat is so popular because of its unique taste. Improvements in tenderness associated with the 20d aging of a beef subprimals, however, some lipid oxidation may be associated with the development of specific dry-aged beef flavor.

Combination of upstream primer-multuplex PCR (UP-mpcr) and capillary electrophoresis for equine genetic analysis

Baljinnyam Munkhtogtokh — 2023-11-01

The purity and content of DNA extracted from the sample is important during PCR analysis. In the conditions of our country, there are many cases of working on samples that do not meet the requirements for some reason. In such cases, there is a need to further test and develop other sensitive methods. The upstream-primer multiplex PCR (UP-mPCR technique) is known for its high specificity and fidelity, and has been used for detecting multiple food borne pathogens, meat species testing and detecting different genetically modified organism (GMO) insertions in a plant genome. The purpose of this experiment is to apply the UP-mPCR method on DNA samples that do not meet the quality requirements, and to test it on domestically produced diagnostics.
We combined UP-mPCR with fragment analysis on DNA capillary electrophoresis genetic analyzer by applying fluorescent labelled upstream primers which were tested by amplifying 8 STRs on 23 low-quality equine gDNA samples. These samples had formerly undergone unsuccessful testing by domestic equine genotyping 15-plex kit. Single trial of UP-mPCR on the same samples showed successful amplification and detection of amplicons from 4-6 STRs, and their alleles were genotyped. Combining UP-mPCR and DNA capillary electrophoresis can be helpful in extreme situations such as having limited amounts of sample, or a shortage of multiple fluorescent dye oligonucleotides. There is no former report about the same method as combining UP-mPCR with fragment analysis.

Development of a crop monitoring system using computer vision and machine learning techniques

Erdenesuren Naranbaatar — 2023-11-05

The growing global population demands increased agricultural production, necessitating the implementation of smart farming practices. The development of an automated crop monitoring system using computer vision and machine learning techniques can help to reduce the manual labor involved in crop management and enhance crop yield. This paper proposes a crop monitoring system that utilizes a camera mounted on a mobile robotic platform to capture images of crops at regular intervals. The images are analyzed using computer vision algorithms to detect and track plant growth, pest infestations, and nutrient deficiencies. Machine learning techniques are then applied to the data to predict crop yield. The system is designed to be scalable and can be deployed on a variety of crops, making it suitable for use in large-scale agricultural operations. Preliminary results demonstrate the system's effectiveness in detecting plant growth with an overall accuracy rate of 95%. The proposed system has the potential to significantly improve crop management practices and increase crop yield, thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture development.

Development of diagnostic parameters for assessing the operation of a diesel engine on site

Galbadrakh Sandag — 2023-10-01

The paper aims to develop the on-site diagnostic parameters for assessing the operation of engines through the content (g/ton) of wear elements and contaminants in used oil. Here, it refers to heavy-machinery vehicles used in various industries of Mongolia such as agriculture, railway, building and road construction, mining etc. This study analyzed the results of measurements in the used oil samples from 20 diesel engines over a maintenance period of 5-6 years using spectral analysis. It focuses on three key goals: determining the content of wear elements and contaminants in used oil (g/ton), studying the intensity of engine wear during one period of maintenance, and using non-parametric statistical methods to develop the on-site diagnostic parameters based on the concentration of wear elements and contaminants in the samples of used oil.

The diagnostic parameters determined as a result of this study can enable technicians to perform diesel engine maintenance based on the actual technical condition of the engine, rather than relying solely on the manufacturer's recommended maintenance schedule, reduce the repair cost by addressing the aspects before serious breakdowns or delays occur and improve overall the engine performance, resulting in significant benefits for the transportation and heavy-machinery industries.

Biochemical analysis of radish and beet species

Bayarmaa Jambalsuren — 2023-09-15

The study investigated the biochemical composition and enzyme activities of various radish and beet species, revealing significant variations across different parameters. Reducing sugars, crucial for blood sugar regulation and weight management, showed diverse levels among species, with higher concentrations observed in yellow turnip and white radish. Likewise, fiber content varied, with Raphanus sativus L. var. niger J. Kern exhibiting the highest fiber content. Moisture and mineral content also differed across species, with sugar beet displaying the highest mineral content. Regarding vitamin C content, our findings indicated lower levels compared to previous studies, suggesting potential influences of environmental conditions on vitamin accumulation. Flavonoid content, known for its antioxidant properties, was notably high in black radish compared to other species, highlighting the potential health benefits of flavonoid-rich varieties. Enzyme activities, including catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase, varied among species, with white radish and beetroot exhibiting higher catalase activity. These findings highlight biochemical variations among radish and beet species, underscoring their potential health benefits and applications.

Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica isolated from Uvurkhangai province in Mongolia

Sarantsetseg Sarangerel — 2023-11-01

The incidence of infectious diseases caused by the Enterobacteriaceae family of Uvurkhangai province in Mongolia is not decreasing and is recurring despite the implementation of preventive measures in the province. Nowadays, when the resistance of microorganisms negatively affects the health of humans and animals, food safety, the environment, and the economy, the lack of effective antibiotics for treatment is the reason for the research work on this topic. Based on the outbreak and surveillance of infectious diseases for the past 5 years, the pathological materials were received in the veterinary laboratory, two strains of Escherichia coli and also two strains Salmonella enterica subsp. abortus equi were isolated, and identified by conventional bacteriological and molecular methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the pathogen was determined using the disc diffusion method. The strains of E. coli were resistant to several antimicrobials, including vancomycin and neomycin, intermediate to colistin. The Salmonella enterica subsp. abortus equi showed resistance to ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin, and neomycin. Due to the presence of antimicrobial resistance, the results suggest a risk to public health as these pathogens. However, the four isolated bacteria in the family of Enterobacteriaceae showed susceptibility to groups of tetracycline and streptomycin. As a result of this study, it was determined that treatment with tetracycline and streptomycin is effective against bacterial infections caused by the Enterobacteriaceae group.